This means that white defects of HDTV images are a result of extremely high resolution. White defects are the unevenness of brightness caused by space radiation, which were not really a problem for conventional standard resolution cameras. In addition, JAXA has been examining a phenomenon called “white defects” as part of its research activities on HDTV. Therefore, JAXA has developed the HDTV transmitting system with a real-time downlink utilizing commercial technologies. However, until now, with conventional HDTV camera systems, there was no other way than to retrieve recorded video tapes aboard return flights. Most people may remember the TV ad of POCARI SWEAT, a popular Japanese sports drink, featuring an astronaut doing somersaults. These images give us the feeling of being up there in space. In recent shuttle and ISS missions, however, high-definition television (HDTV) cameras have been used onboard, which allow us to enjoy clear images, such as Earth seen from space, on TV or in TV ads. ![]() Television cameras aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and the Space Shuttles formerly recorded videos with NTSC signal, which had the same resolution as video recorders for household use.
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